Emt B Review Questions Chapter 15 Respiratiry Emetencies

Signs and symptoms

• Blood pressure: unremarkably it'southward 120/eighty (higher in the elderly and lower in children). Annihilation over 140 systolic is hypertension, and under 90 systolic is considered low claret pressure.
• Pulse: normally, it'south stiff and regular. Weak and thready pulse indicates shock.
• Skin: normal skin should be pink, warm and dray. Shock or hypoperfusion is indicated by stake, cool and clammy pare.
• Chest discomfort or hurting that radiates to the shoulders, back and jaw.
• Unresponsive, not animate, and no pulse: cardiac arrest - begin CPR.
• Sluggish pupils indicate hypoxia and poor perfusion.
• Jugular vein distension indicates congestive heart failure or cardiac tamponade.
• Crackles when auscultating for jiff sounds indicate fluid build up in the lungs, which may have resulted from left ventricular centre failure.
• Peripheral and presacral edema suggests middle failure.
• Dyspnea and sudden onset of sweating.
• Anxiety, feeling of impending doom.
• Nausea and/or vomiting.

Treatment

• Oxygen at 15 lpm via a nonrebreather mask
• PPV
• Calm the patient to reduce anxiety.
• Assistance patient with administering a dose (0.3-0.four mg) of prescribed nitroglycerin sublingually. Reassess blood force per unit area afterward 2 minutes, and administrate some other dose after 3-v minutes if needed, for a maximum of iii doses.
  • Do non administer if blood pressure is below 90 or drops over 30 over the baseline.
  • Practice not administer to extreme bradycardia (<50) or tachycardia (>100).
  • Do non administer for those on drugs for erectile dysfunction inside 24 hours.
  • Do not administrate if you lot suspect caput injury.
  • Do not administer for infants and children.
• 160-325 mg of aspirin, nonenteric and ask the patient to chew information technology.
  • Practise not administer if patient is allergic.
  • Follow medical direction and local protocols.
• Call ALS backup.
• CPR for cardiac arrest patients (no breathing, no pulse).

Medical weather condition and mechanisms

• Angina pectoris: hurting in the breast, acquired by inadequate oxygen to the heart.
  • Chest pain, especially during exertion, that radiates to neck, jaw, arms, back, and shoulders.
  • General discomfort, anxiety, and nausea / vomiting.
  • Relief of pain if physical activeness is stopped.
• Acute myocardial infarction: a portion of the heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen.
  • Chest pain and discomfort, similar to angina, that radiates to the neck, jaw, arms, back, and shoulders.
  • Lasts longer than angina and the pain and discomfort is not able to be relieved.
• Eye failure: inadequate pumping of the centre.
  • Left ventricle failure: pulmonary edema, because blood is backing into the lungs.
  • Right ventricle failure: peripheral edema, jugular vein distention, and liver enlargement, because blood is bankroll into the venous circulation.
  • Congestive eye failure: eye failure that causes edema.

Terms

• Nonenteric: not coated.
• Myocardial ischemia: cardiac cell hypoxia. Inadequate oxygen to the middle cells.
• Chain of survival: a term by the American Eye Association.
  • Early access.
  • Early CPR.
  • Early defibrillation.
  • Early ALS.
• AED: Automated external defibrillators. Used to shock the center back to normal.
  • Only shock when rhythm analysis point that shock is advised.
  • For patients with bogus pacemakers, do not place electrodes over where the pacemaker is implanted.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): graphical plot of the heart's electric activity.
  • P: corresponds to atrial contraction.
  • QRS: corresponds to ventricular contraction.
  • T: corresponds to relaxation.
• Ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib): chaotic ECG rhythm. Random twitches of the heart that does non pump any claret. This occurs during a heart attack. Five-Fib is the but rhythm where shock is advised for the AED.
• Ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach): Rapid ECG rhythm. Very fast, just inefficient center beats. Can degenerate into V-Fib.
• Asystole: no ECG activity of the heart at all.
• Pulseless electrical activity: the heart has an organized ECG electrical rhythm, but either the muscles are not pumping or there'due south no blood left to pump.
• Arteriosclerosis: Arteries go stiff and less elastic.
• Atherosclerosis: fatty substances deposited on the within of arteries.
• Coronary artery disease (CAD): atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.
• Acute coronary syndrome (ACS): obstruction of coronary arteries with a sudden onset of symptoms. Includes unstable angina and myocardial infarction.
• Fibrinolytics: drugs that dissolve early clots.

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Source: http://emt-training.org/cardiovascular-emergencies.php